Dam.



J. I. JACKSON.

DAM.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 11,1908.

Patented Nov. 3, 1908.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

invwnmm M M M J. F. JACKSON.

\ DAM.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 11,1908.

9%,783, Patented Nov. 3, 1908.

2 SHBETSSHEET 2.

Minww$ Inwen 301% (5 mmggww JOHN F. JACKSON,'0F HOUGHTON, MICHIGAN- DAM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 3, 1908.

Application filed July 11, 1908. Serial No. 143,122.

r State of Michigan, have invented new and 1 structure such that various loads or forces I useful Improvements in Dams, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates todams,'and in most of its features more especially to dams which constitute a unitary structure, as for instance reinforced concrete dams.

Objects of the invention are to produce a dam which possesses extraordinary stability while requiring a relatively small amount of material and being of low cost of construction to provide a dam wherein great vertical hydrostatic pressure upon the dam structure may be secured and used against the horizontal hydrostatic pressure to give great stability to the dam.

A further object of the invention is to produce such a structure which, while meeting all the requirements of service will have an attractive appearance such as is produced in the best practice with masonry dams.

These and other objects of invention will in part be obvious and will in part more fully ap ar hereinafter.

he invention consists in the novel constructions, arrangements, combinations, methods and improvements herein shown and described.

The accompanying drawings, referred to herein and formin a part hereof, illustrate one embodiment o the invention, the same serving in connection with the description herein to explain the principles of the invention.

Of the drawings: Figure 1' is a vertical section throu h a dam structure; Fi 2 is a fragmentary e evation looking to the aft referred to Fi .1; Figs. 3 and 4 are fragmentary horizontal sections on the lines A-A and B-B, respectively, of Fig. 1; and Figs. 5' and 6 are diagrammatic views serving to illustrate certain principles of the invention.

In carrying out my invention I rovide a dam structure which is unitary, t at is, a

applied thereto. may be caused toiact in total a ong the line of a common resultant. I further provide such a structure having a wall or equivalent element to contain the water and 1t, of course, receives the horizontal hydrostatic load or pressure; As iswell understood, for a-glven heightofwater this lead is (fixed or constant. I provide further unitary with said wall or equivalent element a part or structure extending beneath the contained water to receive a vertical hydrostatic load or pressure. form and extent of such part to secure as great a vertical hydrostatic load as I may desire in connection with the particular structure.

, By reason of the dam being a unitary structure I then utilize this vertical hydrostatic load to render the dam stable against the pressure or strain of the horizontal hydrostatic load. That is, I produce acting upon this unitary structure, a resultant of large magnitude and, owing to the large vertical component, said resultant makes a large angle with the horizontal or common level. I may also shape and arrange the structure so that said resultant will out the vertical upon which the center of ravity of the dam structure lies and may a lso cause the line of action of the resultant to pass very near to the center of gravity of said structure. This renders possible a maximum of strength and stability in the structure with a minimum of material, as will benowunderstood by those skilled in the art, as well as realiz ing the other objects of inventionwhich I desire to attain.

Referring to the accompa 'ng drawings, illustratin by way of example one embodiment of the invention and one manner of carrying out the method, 1 indicates a wall for supporting the horizontal load of the hydrostatic pressure. A part2 of the dam structure is shown extending upstream, that is, beneath the contained water to receive a vertical load from the hydrostatic pressure as hereinabove set forth. This part may for convenience he styled the foot of the dam.

The wall 1 is shown supported upon the foot 2 and means are provided for connecting the wall and the foot into a unitary structure. This may be done by means of reinforcing elements and this may very conveniently be done when the dam is of concrete. Such a construction is shoiwn in the illustrated embodiment. Reinforcing elements or memhere 3 are shown in said foot 2. Thearrangement and interrelation of said members need not be set forth herein in detail, but it will be. understood that these elements will be arranged in accordancewith sound prac- Furthermore, I vary the tics so as to 've the foot 2 adequate strength a to euccessfu y heaathe vauouaetrains to i.

templated by tion. According to another feature thereof.

- ports 8 are shown numeral 10. Certain in an upstream be put upon it. bers 4 are also which will be described more in detail hereinafter. The wall 1 is shown at 6 as inclined direction before joining the this particular arrangement Suitable reinforcing memfoot 2, although is immaterial so tures of the invention. Reinforcing members 7 are provided anchored in the foot 2 and in the wall 1 and may also be in tension therebetween for the purpose of rendering the wall and footinto a unitary structure. Said reinforcin members 7 may be anchored to the reinforcing members 3v and 4, respectively, and are "so shown in the drawings.

According to certain features of the invention su porting members 8 are provided for the wall 1, and such members are shown in the drawings'on the downstream side of the wall 1. Means for making these also a part of the unitary dam structure are concertain features of the inventhe foot 2, in this embodiment, is extended downstream beyond the wall 1 and the supports 8 are carried upon said foot. The supherein in the form of but tresses and, if desired, may be shaped generally similar to those used in the best masonry practice. Suitable reinforcing devices may be used in the buttresses 8 and the form thereof herein shown comprises suitable metal bents 9 passing vertically and transversely through the buttresses and may also ass downwardlythrough the parts of the wa 1 in alinement with the buttresses and are so shown herein, and also as extending into the foot 2. ments may be arranged in shear in the spans of the wall 1 between the buttresses and 'certain of such elements are indicated by the of the reinforcing elements may furthermore be in tension beoat tween the buttresses tain of such elements are indicated at 1'1 and elsewhere in the drawings. Certain of said reinforcing elements may also be in tension from the buttresses to the foot either directly or through the lower part of the wall 1 and are accordingly likewise so shown 7 at 12 and elsewhere in t be understood, however, myself to the details of arrangement of the reinforcing elements, my object being vide a unitary structure embodying the rinci les hereinbefore set forth and incienta y to meet all the loads and strains .which 'act upon sucha structure. Webs 13 ma be provided between the buttresses 8 an a concrete strut 14 is also shown so located. I

The parts ofthe structure, having espeerally in view the wall and the upstream por- @1011 of the foot, or. the entire foot when only upstream portion is used, may be proe drawings. It will that I do not limit provided within the wall 1 1 far as concerns many fee-- The reinforcing eleand the wall and cer-' to pro- I portioned and arran ed so'that the resultant of the horizontal an i the hydrostatic pressure will fa'l near the center of gravity of the dam structure and such anarrangement is substantially shown in the diagram of Fig. 5, the resultant being indicated by 16 and the vertical line on which the center of cated by 15. Wit such an arrangement also the resultant of ,the'weight of the dam and the above resultant will also fall in very Fig. 6. It will be understood, however, that limited to such an arrangement or propor-' tionmg, nor to any particular arrangement construction.

It will .be understood from the foregoing that a dam structure has been provide which realizes the objects of invention and advantages herein set forth, together with other ob ects and advantages, and which will serve to illustrate theprinciples of the invention.

What- Ido claim as my invention and desireto secure by Letters Patent, is:

1., Adam including load of the hydrostatic pressure, a submerged portion for the purpose of taking a vertical upon the submerged portion is" ut1 i'zed to render the dam structure stable against the. action of the horizontal pressure, the sub-.

desired degree of stability structure thereby to give it greater stability against the sliding and overturning tendencles due to the horizontal hydrostatic pressure on the said confining part. stantially vertical wall for supporting the substantially horizontal foot extending u stream to receive a vertical load from t e hydrostatic pressure, and means uniting said well and foot into a unitary structure.

4. A dam including in combination a wall for supporting the horizontal load of the hylglravity is located is indi or proportioning, or to any specific form of;

invcombination a confining portlon WhlCh receives the horizontal ydrostatic pressure, and means uniting said two portions so that the vertical 'ressui'e merged portion being of such extent and conmagnitude and direction vertical com onents of nearly the same relation as shown at 17 in I the invention in its broader aspects is not re a ainst the sliding and due to the horizontal sultant hydrostatic pressure upon the dam 3. A dam including in combination a sub- I horizontal load of the hydrostatic pressure, a

for supporting the horizontal load of the hy-- wall and in said- 'drostatic pressure, wall is supported,

drostatic pressure, a foot extending upstream to receive a vertical load from the hydrostatic pressure, reinforcing elements in saidfoot, and tension members connecting said reinforcing elements in the wall and foot respectively.

5. A dam including in combination a wall drostatic pressure, a foot extending upstream to receive a vertical load from the hydrostatic pressure, supporting members for said wall, and connections between said wall, foot and supporting members to render them into a unitary structure.

6. A dam including in combination a wall for supporting the horizontal load of the by drostatic pressure, a foot upon which said Wallis supported, extending upstream and downstream from the wall, means for rendering said foot and wall into a unitary structure, and supporting members for said wall on the downstream side, said members being supported upon said foot.

7. A dam including in combination a wall for supporting the horizontal load of the hya foot upon which said extending upstream and downstream from the wall, means for ren dering said foot and wall into a unitary structure, and supporting members for said wall in compression on the downstream side, said members being su ported upon said foot.

. 8. A dam inclu ing in combination a wall for supporting the horizontal load of the hydrostatic pressure, a foot upon which said wall is supported, extending upstream and.

downstream from the wall, supporting members for said wall in compression on the downstream side, said members being suported upon said foot, and reinforcing membersconnecting said foot, wall and supporting members into a unitary structure.

9. A dam including in combination a wall for. supporting the horizontal load of the hydrostatic pressure, afoot extending upstream to receive a vertical load from the hydrostatic pressure, said parts beingproportioned and arranged so that the resultant of the horizontal and vertical components of the hydrostatic ressurewill fall near the center of gravity or the dam structure, and means for connecting the wall and'foot into a uni tary structure. 7

10. A dam including in combination a wall for supporting the horizontal load of the hydrostatic pressure, a foot extending upstream to receive a vertical load from the hydrostatic pressure,

sultant of the horizontal and vertical components of the-hydrostatic pressure and the weight of the dam will fall near the center of of the dam structure, and means for gravity I the wall and foot into a unitary connecting structure.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

- JOHN F. JACKSON.

Witnesses: JAMES OSBORNE,

LoUIs N. LEGRIS.

said'parts being proportioned and arranged so that the combined re- 

